10.2 Introduction

10.2.1 A Thought Experiment

Now that we are considering repeated measures data it is helpful to thinking about what repeated measures buy us. Here are a few thoughts:

With cross-sectional data:

  • No sense of passage of time
  • Cannot control for what happened at earlier timepoints
  • Causality (e.g. cause precedes the effect, cause related to effect, plausible alternatives)
  • Depending on true change process, cross-sectional slice may mislead
  • Must rely more heavily on theory (e.g. equivalent models (MacCallum et al. 1993))

10.2.2 Equivalent Models in Psychology

10.2.2.1 Equivalent Models: An Example

Excerpt from MacCallum et al. (1993)
Excerpt from MacCallum et al. (1993)

10.2.3 Examples of Equivalent Models

Figure 3 from MacCallum et al. (1993)
Figure 3 from MacCallum et al. (1993)

References

MacCallum, Robert C., Duane T. Wegener, Bert N. Uchino, and Leandre R. Fabrigar. 1993. “The Problem of Equivalent Models in Applications of Covariance Structure Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 114 (1): 185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.185.